LED 101 / Hardware
LED modules
A module is a rectangular board of pixels: LEDs, drivers, and a connector. Cabinets are filled with them.
An LED module is a printed circuit board holding a grid of pixels, often something like 64×32 or similar, depending on the product. Each pixel is red, green, and blue. The board carries the driver chips that set brightness with pulse-width modulation, the traces that move data and power, and a connector back to the hub or receive card.
Modules are the replaceable face of the wall. When a section fails, techs pull a module, not the whole cabinet, if the product is built for front service. Outdoor modules add coatings and higher IP ratings. Indoor modules trade some of that armour for tighter pitch.
What sits on the board: LED packages (DIP, SMD, or COB), driver ICs, shift registers and latches for data timing, power regulation, and the data connector. Common data interfaces include Hub75-style ribbons on many module designs. The exact pinout and scan pattern are product-specific.